MILCIS2007
Session
Abstracts
1.1 Breakfast Session
The Exhibition is open and
coffee is available in the Exhibition Hall.
1.2
Plenary Session—Conference Opening
Welcome—Professor
John Baird, Rector UNSW@ADFA
Opening Address— VADM Matt Tripovich, on behalf of ACM Angus Houston,
Chief of the Defence Force
Keynote Address—VADM
Matt Tripovich, Chief Capability Development Group
1.3
Plenary Session—NCW and the ADF
Presentation—NCW Roadmap and NCW Integration
Plan—BRIG David Welch, Director General Integrated Capability
Development, Capability Development Group & CAPT
Martin Brooker, RAN, Director Network
Centric Warfare Development, Capability
Development Group
Presentation—RPDE: Accelerating NCW into Defence—Ms Pam Price, General
Manager Rapid Prototyping Development and Experimentation
Presentation—JDSSC: Simulation Support to a Networked
Capability—Dr Ed Kruzins, Director General Simulation, Capability Development Group
1.4a Tutorial:
NCW 101—What NCW Is and Isn’t
Presenter: Mr Peter Murphy and
Mr Jeff Malone, Noetic Solutions Pty
Limited
Abstract: The term ‘Network
Centric Warfare’ entered common use in the late 1990s as a short-hand to
describe the range of effects that the networking of sensors, weapons and
decision-making systems would have on the conduct of military operations.
Whilst much has been written about NCW, a large portion of this literature has
focused on narrowly technical issues, and has addressed opportunities and
advantages whilst ignoring potential vulnerabilities and risks. This tutorial
is intended to dispel a variety of myths regarding NCW, principally in terms of
what NCW is and is not. The tutorial is aimed at a non-technical audience, and
will cover the following issues:
- The Origins of NCW
- What Is NCW – Current Approaches
- What NCW Is Not – Why NCW is not a Silver Bullet
- Risks and Vulnerabilities of NCW
- The Human Dimension of NCW
1.4b Tutorial:
SATCOM on the Move
Presenter: General Dynamics
Abstract: The purpose of the
tutorial is to describe the general purpose and benefits of SATCOM-on-the-Move
(SOTM). SOTM in this context refers to wideband (~1.44 Mbps or greater)
communications capability. During the tutorial we will cover the following
topics relating to SOTM:
- Fundamental components of SOTM terminals, to
include the antenna, R/F components, servo control system, inertial
measurement system, radome, and graphical user interface.
- Pros and Cons of different antenna
configurations, to include discussions on parabolic dish versus planar
array versus multiple plate
- Modem selection considerations.
- Satellite frequencies for use with small earth
terminals such as those used with SOTM.
- Implications of satellite frequencies on
selection of antenna sizes for various bandwidths (and how that relates to
data rates).
- Antenna pointing and tracking considerations,
most importantly those issues related to off-axis emission limits with
respect to adjacent satellites.
- Practical applications for land, sea, and
airborne platforms.
Examples of military, first
responder, and civilian applications will be presented.
- Operation limitations, such as weather, dynamic
motion conditions, clear sight of satellite.
- Installation and operation on various platforms.
During the tutorial a
demonstration will take place. A remote SOTM terminal mounted on a land vehicle
will be operated in an off-road situation. A high quality video teleconference
feed will be sent from the SOTM vehicle to a video terminal and wide-screen
display in the tutorial venue via a high speed internet connection. During the
demonstration, real time video and verbal interaction will take place between
the tutorial venue and the remote vehicle. In addition to video, a
map-and-route waypoint plotting computer application will be used to
demonstrate the benefits of the broadband communications for remote
connections.
1.4c Tutorial:
Introduction to Quantum Key Distribution
Presenter: Dr David Pulford, Information
Sciences Laboratory, Defence Science and Technology Organisation
Abstract: On overview of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and its impact
will be given. The overview will provide an outline of: the quantum mechanics
required to understand fundamental aspects of QKD, the origins of QKD security,
reasons for employing QKD, ways in which QKD can be implemented, current
capabilities of systems, and future directions.
1.4d Workshop:
Future CIS Concept (Enabling the Future Joint Operating Concept Vision for
2030)
Facilitator: Mr Brett
Marshall, Director Concepts &
Deliberate Planning, CIOG
Abstract: A Future
Communications and Information Systems Concept (FCIS) is being developed by the
Chief Information Officer Group to enable the CDF’s vision for a seamless,
networked, effects-based force in 2030. This Workshop will introduce the FCIS
framework and provide an opportunity to explore what CIS concepts of the future
should look like. By participating in the development of the FCIS you will gain
insight into where we are heading and an opportunity to influence this vital
capability.
1.4e Tutorial:
Current and Future Force Tactical Network Management + EPLRS Demonstration
Presenters: Mr Tim Strobel
and Mr Michael Rorke, Raytheon Australia
Abstract: Today’s warfighters
operate in complex situations. And those
complex situations demand that land forces undertake close combat in littoral
and urbanized terrain as parts of small but capable teams. Those teams must have high lethality,
mobility, protection and situational awareness. Those same teams must be
capable of performing a wide range of operations and they must be able to
transition between those operations in a swift and agile manner.
Accordingly, the Army
requires communication networks that ensure the rapid transfer of information
across the battlefield connecting various sensors, C2 and battle management
systems, and effects. This will allow rapid fusion and dissemination of data,
both raw and processed, from various previously stove piped systems—facilitating
a homogenous Network Centric System. This allows greater ability to achieve The
Three ‘Force Multipliers’: Versatility, Agility, and Orchestration.
This tutorial discusses
current and future force tactical networks, their support for the chain of
command, and their impact on tactics techniques and procedures. Managing such networks will be discussed with
emphasis on informational flow, quality of service, bandwidth requirements and
mobility. The tutorial will conclude
with a demonstration of the pre-eminent Tactical Data Distribution System in
use by the US Armed Forces.
Tactical Networks Support the Chain of Command – Communications play a critical role in military
operations. Effective communications
increase the military commander’s span of command, area of responsibility, and
operational tempo. Well connected
digitized forces can be larger, cover more territory, and strike faster with
greater lethality than non-digitized forces.
Maintaining this advantage requires networks that are adaptive, easy to
maintain, and decoupled from the traditional military hierarchy.
Tactical Networks Impact on Tactics, Techniques and
Procedures – Effective information
flow can have tremendous effects on tactics, techniques and procedures. Effective communications provide commanders
the means to accurately monitor and optimally organize forces for a given
situation. An up-to-the-minute common operational
picture enables forces to safely manoeuvre, and offer effects used to carry out
the commander’s intent without the lengthy delays caused by cumbersome and
error prone situation reporting.
Horizontal as well as Vertical Information Flow – Traditional military communications support point to
point ‘vertical’ exchanges between commanders and subordinates. ‘Horizontal’ exchanges between commanders
typically take place over separate links.
All of these links must be pre-planned and manually maintained. Modern communication networks largely
eliminate the need for communication planning based on the military hierarchy
because they enable information to flow horizontally as well as vertically
throughout the force structure. Such
systems are more geographic than hierarchically based. This raises two important network management
implications. First, communication
management must exist outside the traditional military hierarchy. Second, access to information on the network
must be managed such that units at each echelon can access the information they
need without compromising the integrity of the entire network.
Managing for Quality of Service – Modern military networks transport a wide range of
information. Situation awareness, voice,
and inventory stores are all examples of information with diverse Quality of
Service requirements. Historically this
has been managed by dedicating radio links to each information thread. In this way low latency can be guaranteed for
voice without fear of negatively impacting it with other types of data. The costs are high, however, in that multiple
radios on a single platform are required to support this architecture. Attempts have been made to merge voice and
data over a single point to point link; however, this always results in one
thread suffering degradation in service when there is competition for the
channel. Modern military networks solve
this by having the ability to transport multiple threads simultaneously. As a result, the need arises to manage the network
such that an appropriate Quality of Service can be guaranteed for each
informational thread.
Managing Highly Mobile
Networks – By their nature tactical
communications must be mobile. Links are
routinely broken and established as nodes come in and out of radio range. Managing a network in this environment should
at the very least be controllable over the air; better still if the network
could manage this level of configuration automatically in response to conditions.
Managing Secure Networks – Security is an important tenant of any tactical
network. Equipment must be keyed
consistently in order to communicate.
Furthermore, it may be necessary to cryptographically lock a compromised
node out of the network. In a large
scale network, these functions must be remote controlled in order to be
practical.
1.5a Tutorial:
ADF NCW Roadmap
Presenters: CAPT Martin Brooker,
RAN, Director Network Centric Warfare
Development, Capability Development Group & Mr Clinton Jacobs, Team Leader Integrated and Future Technologies, Capability Development Group
Abstract: Network Centric
Warfare (NCW) is one of the key enabling concepts that underpins the Australian
Defence Force’s (ADF) Joint Operations Concept for the 21st century. The ADF’s
NCW Roadmap has articulated the plan for how the ADF will realise the benefits
of NCW outlined in the NCW concept and describing the transition of the ADF
from a network-aware force to a seamless, network-enabled, information-age
force. The Australian NCW Program Office has a pivotal role in the development
of the NCW roadmap and overseeing the steps by which the ADF will become
further network enabled. This tutorial will expand on the NCW concept and how
it has been used to develop the ADO’s
plans for achieving the NCW Vision. The key challenges in this approach and how
they are being addressed will also be discussed.
1.5b Refereed
Papers: Command Systems
Session Chair: Mr Ziggy Balmaks, Principal, Noetic Solutions Pty Ltd
Paper 1: The Operating Picture: An Essential Interface In
The Decision Cycle
Author: Alan J. Dyer, EWA-Australia
Abstract: During 2006, The
Rapid Prototyping, Development and Evaluation (RPDE) organisation’s
User-Defined Operating Picture Task investigated the role of an “operating
picture” in decision-making. A review of existing literature revealed a link
between Situation Awareness (SA), Knowledge Management (KM) and Operating
Pictures. SA is defined as knowing what is going on around you, while KM can be
considered as managing knowledge processes to support both business processes
and organisational knowledge bases; connecting intellectual assets and business
growth. An “Operating Picture” sits as a link between these two concepts as a
tool that can be used to impart the relevant information in such a way that the
operator can gain the necessary knowledge to enhance their situation awareness.
As such, an operating picture is a tool that can be used to facilitate
knowledge as well as attract the attention of the operator to the relevant
facts.
Click here for PDF
Paper 2: Managing Command Systems: Measuring Situation
Awareness And Knowledge Management
Author: Alan J. Dyer, EWA-Australia
Abstract: During 2006, The
Rapid Prototyping, Development and Evaluation (RPDE) organisation’s
User-Defined Operating Picture Task investigated measurement of Situation
Awareness and Knowledge Management as a factor in managing operating pictures.
A key conclusion from the investigation is that practical applications for
measuring either situation awareness or knowledge management does not yet exist
although a great deal of discussion and work are currently being conducted in
both fields. This article summarises the literature review in order to provide
a basis for further work in refining and operationalising measures.
Click here for PDF
Paper 3: Systems Dynamics Modelling Of Human And
Information Aspects Of Network-Centric Configurations
Author: Helen Hasan, University of Wollongong
Abstract: This paper is based
on the definition of a network-centric structure as one which enables members
of an organisation to create and leverage information to increase competitive
advantage through the joint efforts of creative individuals and independent
teams. While the technical components of this environment are enabling, the
organisational and behavioural components generate value as traditionally
competitive workers strive to cooperate in self-directed, distributed teams.
Many organisations are now complex hybrids of hierarchical and network-centric
configurations and there is a need to increase our understanding of their human
and informational aspects. Due to its suitability for managing complexity
without reducing it to a simpler form, this paper concerns the use of the
holistic and dynamic technique of systems modelling for research in this area.
The use of stock and flow systems modelling is described and examples of its
application to realistic network-centric phenomena, incorporating human and
informational elements, are presented. Development of these models is not easy,
neither is it an exact science. This approach does however have the potential
to visualise and manipulate an interconnected set of human and informational
elements to enhance understanding of the complex network-centric paradigm.
Click here for PDF
Paper 4: Australian Defence NCW Simulation Support
Planning—Status
Authors: Darren Mc Farlane, Australian Defence Simulation Office;
Dave Vrancic, Peter Maskell, Booz Allen
Hamilton
Abstract: This paper develops
a framework for developing where simulation can/should support the achievement
of a Netcentric Australian Defence Force. The intent of this paper is to
address the analytical framework used to conduct the gap analysis and to
identify priority areas for investment in NCW Simulation. This analysis will be
used to assist in developing a ten year ADF NCW Simulation Support Plan. The
framework combines the guidance contained in the Australian NCW Roadmap 2007
[2], the Australian Defence Simulation Roadmap 2006 [3] and the Australian
Defence Simulation Manual [4]. The Australian NCW Program Office is developing
an Australian NCW Integration Plan to provide the detailed initiatives and
milestones beneath the NCW Roadmap. When this NCW Integration Plan is
finalised, the NCW Simulation Support Plan will be reviewed to provide greater
definition to this ongoing work. However, the broad areas where simulation
could provide assistance to NCW were articulated by Australian NCW
Stakeholders. These are summarised and shown below in Table 1. Detailed needs
and requirements for enhanced and expanded simulation support to NCW in the
2017 timeframe were developed, and then compared against the current levels of
simulation support to NCW. To achieve the desired simulation support capabilities
in 2017 required focus in the following four areas: NCW Enablers; Simulation
Support to Netcentric Force Development.; Simulation Support to Netcentric
Force Employment.; and Governance for Simulation support to NCW. These related
to recommended governance improvements to focus all relevant simulation
activities towards a common end-point.
Click here for PDF
1.5c Refereed
Papers: Emerging Quantum Technologies
Session Chair: Dr Elanor Huntington, UNSW@ADFA
Paper 1: Emerging Quantum Technologies
Author: Gerard Milburn, The University
of Queensland
Abstract: Quantum technology
can be defined as the engineering of physical devices and systems that operate
on quantum principles. In the last decade device fabrication and experimental
control have progressed to such an extent that one can now see how quantum
mechanics will be used to build a new technology. While much of this will take
place using the techniques of nano-fabrication, quantum technology will have an
impact beyond nanotechnology, in areas such as optical communication, high
precision measurement, data storage, and control processes. Quantum technology
is being driven by the quest for smaller and faster devices taking us to the
nano scale. At this scale quantum principles become manifest at low
temperatures. Nanotechnology must take heed of quantum principles at some level.
Any technology requires transducers and high precision measurement. Quantum
theory has some very important things to say about measurement and its limits.
Quantum technology will necessarily lead to new instruments. It is already
clear that a number of communication challenges involving bandwidth and energy
can be faced only within a quantum context, with teleportation being the most
surprising protocol. Finally there is the promise of quantum computing. In
every case the quest to harness quantum mechanics for technological ends will
bring big surprises with enormous commercial impact. I will give a brief summary
of the quantum principles that might be harnessed for technological ends including
such phenomenon as; quantum superposition, quantum size effect and
entanglement. I will discuss some examples including; quantum dots, quantum key
distribution and quantum nanomechanical systems, superconducting coplanar
waveguides and Quantum computers. In each case current or emerging applications
will be highlighted.
Click here for PDF
Paper 2: Silicon Quantum Computer: A Decade of Developing
the Pieces—A Blueprint for their Assembly
Author: Robert G. Clark, The University of New South Wales
Abstract: An overview will be
given of experimental progress in demonstrating silicon-based quantum computing
at the few qubit level, in which the qubits comprise engineered single
phosphorus atoms embedded in the silicon host, with information encoded onto
the electron spin state of these atoms. The experimental work will be discussed
in the context of a bi-linear MOS architecture compatible with scale-up and
fault-tolerant operation involving fast, coherent transport of spin qubits
around the chip. The presentation will also touch on interfacing CMOS control
electronics to the qubit arrays. A short video will be shown, which provides an
accurate visualisation of what the silicon quantum computer would ‘look like’
in operation. Since 2000, the Australian Centre for Quantum Computer Technology
has published more that 600 papers related to its dual research focus of silicon
and optical quantum computing—see www.qcaustralia.org for a full listing.
Click here for PDF
Paper 3: Security of Post-Selection based Continuous
Variable Quantum Key Distribution in the Presence of Gaussian Added Noise
Authors: Thomas Symul1,
Daniel J. Alton,1 Syed M. Assad,1 Andrew M. Lance,1
Christian Weedbrook,1,2 Vikram Sharma,1 Timothy C. Ralph,2
and Ping Koy Lam 1, (1Quantum Optics Group, Department
of Physics, Faculty of Science, Australian National University; 2Department
of Physics, University of Queensland).
Abstract: Continuous Variable
Quantum Key Distribution (CVQKD) was proposed as an alternative for the single
photon scheme that promised high bandwidth and compatibility with current
communication systems. The two main CVQKD protocols are reverse reconciliation
(RR) and post-selection (PS). PS-CVQKD has shown practical advantages thanks to
relaxed requirements for the reconciliation protocols that have enabled an end
to end demonstration for up to 90% loss. So far, however, the underlying theory
of PS-CVQKD assumed that all states were shot-noise limited and that the
transmission line did not introduce any excess noise. I will present an
extension of the original PS CVQKD protocol that allows for excess Gaussian
noise on the transmission line. We allow the eavesdropper to take full
advantage of the excess Gaussian noise to mask her presence using either
collective or individual attacks. We showed that the protocol is still secure
as long as the excess Gaussian noise does not exceed a given threshold x0. We demonstrated experimentally that an information
advantage could be obtained within the secure region.
Click here for PDF
Paper 4: Quantum Computing with Light
Author: Timothy Ralph, The University of Queensland
Abstract: Quantum computing
is the processing of information stored on quantum mechanical systems.
Significant increases in computing power over conventional computers are
predicted. I will discuss the various approaches to quantum computing in which
light is the quantum mechanical system, highlighting recent experimental and
theoretical advances and future prospects.
Click here for PDF
1.5d Tutorial:
The Amphibious Assault Direction System (AADS)
Presenter: Mr Richard E.
Downie, PEO Ships, PMS377W, Acquisition
Program Manager (APM), Amphibious Assault Direction System
Abstract: The Amphibious
Assault Direction System (AADS) is the US Navy’s Program of Record for Surface
Control and Over the Horizon Command and Control. AADS provides real time
friendly force Situation Awareness (SA) of Enhanced Position Location Reporting
System (EPLRS) equipped platforms during amphibious ship-to-shore operations.
EPLRS is a digital radio common to the US Army, Marine Corps, Air Force, and
Navy providing the potential for tactical interoperability within all US
forces. EPLRS was recently successfully demonstrated on Royal Australian Navy
ships interoperating with US Navy EPLRS equipped ships, during the Talisman
Sabre 2007 exercise. AADS w/EPLRS successful participation in this years’
exercise was exemplified by the tactical display of the US and AUS amphibious ships,
Assault Craft, and other EPLRS equipped platforms, including platforms over the
horizon, in the Combat Centres of both forces’ ships. AADS is currently being
installed on all active, and new construction US Navy amphibious class ships
(LHD, LHA, LPD, LSD), and assault craft.
Click here
for PDF
1.5e Product
Brief: Human Factors—The Missing Link
Presenter: Mr Werner Naef, Naef AUS Pty Ltd
Abstract: From research
looking into accidents in various High Risk Environments and taking into
consideration Human Factors issues, we understand quite well why many of those
breakdowns occurred. At the core of many of those mishaps we observe again and
again the individual—or the team—starting to dysfunction once under a certain
amount of pressure. Professionals—or even the whole team—then no longer apply
what they had been trained for, what they had done so many times in terms of
‘best industry practice’, but rather display a behaviour that finally, and
dramatically, sabotages their professional and private life.
Such specific stress reaction
follows a highly predictable pattern, about which we can learn. It is linked
with our personality and can be described, demonstrated, analysed and modified
for better and safer performance.
In civil and military
aviation for example CRM training (Crew Resource Management) traditionally has
its focus on cognitive process issues that get trained. Training stays at the
‘application software’ level and does not go deeper—to the ‘system software’
level—to the psychological background of each individual where those powerful
dysfunctional patterns are being created.
This paper presents method
and experience across many industries, including Defence how to focus on those
critical personality areas and to achieve improved professional behaviour—a
valuable complement to existing training packages. The method had been used by
NASA since 1978 and is well known in the Defence and corporate world in the Americas, in Europe and Japan. The author has been
successfully working with this method in Europe, Australia
and New Zealand
at various levels: military/Defence and civil management, operational staff
(aviation, maritime, rail), medicine and maintenance.
2.1 Breakfast Session
The Exhibition is open and
coffee is available in the Exhibition Hall.
Product Brief—Imagery on Demand Demonstration, Mr David Hooper, Thales
Australia
Abstract: Today’s battlespace
requires networked, agile and stealthy platforms capable of operating
independently or collaborating as part of larger battle groups. Manned and
unmanned platforms need to be capable of working together to execute missions
and operate as part of a networked distributed force to conduct successful
combat operations in adverse environments. A key component of today’s
battlespace is the network, but this is only as good the infrastructure
available to distribute the information. Imagery on Demand (IoD) is set of
digital image compression and dissemination techniques that allow large amounts
of EO, IR and SAR data to be compressed, packaged and disseminated over
numerous digital communication bearers. Unlike other compression and
dissemination techniques, the IoD product family has been designed to operate
within the military environment and complies with all relevant NATO
interoperability. This presentation will provide an overview of the
technologies used in Imagery on Demand and how the toolset can be applied to
ISR Information distribution issues.
2.2
Plenary Session—The DIE and NCW
Presentation—An Assessment on Progress and
Capacity of the DIE to Support NCW—RADM
Peter Jones, Head of Information
Capability Management Division, CIOG
Presentation—Planned Future Expansion and
Development of the DIE to Support NCW—COL
Steve Bottcher, on behalf of Director General Information Policy and Plans
Branch, CIOG
2.3
Plenary Session—The DIE and NCW
Introduction—RADM
Peter Jones, Head of Information Capability
Management Division, CIOG
2.4a Tutorial:
IPv6 Migration
Presenter: SQNLDR George
Washington, Directorate of Capability
Management and Interoperability, CIOG
Abstract: The adoption and
transition to IPv6 will be a critical enabling activity for Defence in meeting
our NCW future. This tutorial will cover
a brief overview of the current role of IP in Defence capability, an update on
Defence policy regarding the transition to IPv6, the concept for transition
planning leading up to the specified adoption date for Defence, the current
state of address space allocation to Defence, a discussion on IPv6
experimentation and facilities (the TIPSTEEL laboratory), and an overview of
collaboration with other Government and allied Defence organisations on
transition to IPv6.
2.4b Refereed
Papers: Delivering NCW
Session Chair: Dr Jason Scholtz—Defence Science and Technology Organisation
Paper 1. An Overview Of Contemporary Australian Network
Management
Authors: Christopher Hose and
Andrew Kerans, Australian Communication
Management Authority
Abstract: The importance of
technologies enabled by use of the radiofrequency spectrum continues to
increase in both the public and private domains. The success of
radiocommunications technologies and the integral part they now play in our
modern society necessitates effective spectrum management. Accordingly an
understanding of spectrum management issues is now often essential in both the
development and use of new radiocommunication systems. An increasing number of
spectrum users that previously paid little attention to spectrum management
issues are becoming increasingly involved in such matters as spectrum becomes
an increasingly critical and potential vulnerable enabler of their core business.
The increased and competing demands on spectrum, the convergence of previously
distinct uses of the spectrum and the emergence of new radiocommunications
technologies means that spectrum management, at both the national and
international level, is facing immense challenges. Simultaneously, the current
environment provides great opportunities and possibilities for significant
improvement to legacy spectrum management regimes with corresponding benefits
to all users and the community as a whole. This paper will provide a brief
overview of the major aspects of spectrum management in Australia. The international
foundation of spectrum management will be outlined, along with some of the
contemporary challenges and opportunities.
Click here for PDF
Paper 2: Delivering MILCIS Software Development Projects
On Time And Within Budget: Dynamic Simulation Of Alternate Project Strategies
Author: Alan C. McLucas, UNSW@ADFA
Abstract. Modern communications
and information systems (CIS) are highly reliant on software for their
operation. Software controls frequency synthesizers,
electronic-counter-counter-measures (ECCM) devices, and antenna tuners and, as
radios become more like computers, virtually any form of modulation can be
synthesized through software. Military CIS software needs to be highly
reliable, and this brings specific demands for engineering of software systems
and managing software developmental projects. Despite the growing body of knowledge
in software engineering and project management, projects involving software
development or integration frequently overrun cost and schedule estimates by
factors typically of at least two. This is highly undesirable and results in
severe criticism of acquisition managers and systems engineers alike. This
paper examines what differentiates software development and integration from
other complex projects. It is argued that effectiveness in identifying defects
in the early phases of a project results in early rectification (rework) and
initially slows down the project. But this is necessary to improve likelihood
of successful delivery of subsequent phases. Lower levels of effectiveness in
identifying defects early, creates the need for higher levels of subsequent
rework, and raises the possibility of rework of rework. The need for seemingly
indeterminate amounts of rework is examined. The key drivers of successful
reduction in amounts of rework are identified through the use of a dynamic
simulation. Most importantly for managers of military CIS software projects
involving software development is that scenarios planning can be used to
identify where management and engineering efforts are best directed. Through
the use of simulation, this can be done before committing to a particular
software development project.
Click here for PDF
Paper 3: LGSP: A Lightweight GNSS Support Protocol For
Military And Civil Applications
Authors: Michael Tyson and
Carlo Kopp, Monash University
Abstract: We present a
Lightweight GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) Support Protocol (LGSP),
which has been devised at Monash
University. LGSP aims to
comprehensively address limitations in the traditional GNSS model, such as low
signal availability in urban environments, receiver initialisation delays and
bandwidth restrictions, by offering an alternative secure distribution channel
for GNSS data. This gives compatible receivers an alternate means for acquiring
GNSS data, resulting in enhanced robustness, efficiency and availability of
GNSS systems. Development of LGSP is nearing completion, and a protocol
specification is being released as an Internet Draft to the IETF. This paper
presents the rationale behind the development of LGSP and discusses the
protocol’s architecture, message formats and definitions.
Click here for PDF
2.4c Update:
DIO Classified Briefs
Presenters: BRIG Gary Hogan
and DIO staff, Defence Intelligence
Agency (DIO)
Abstract: Classified briefs
on selected topics in current and emerging technologies. These updates are to
be held at Russell Offices—buses are available on the hour to take conference
attendees from the National Convention Centre to Russell Offices and return. Since
the classified briefs are to be at the Australian SECRET level, they are only
available to conference attendees who hold a current Australian SECRET
clearance. Clearances must have been confirmed with DIO before attendance at
the briefs.
2.4d
Tutorial: The Application and Limitations of GPS in Military CIS
Presenter; Mr Tim Wedding, Sigma Bravo Pty Ltd
Abstract: GPS has become an
important component of modern operational and tactical command and intelligence
Systems. Whilst GPS has the ability to
provide accurate position, navigation and timing, the GPS capability has a
number of limitations, which should be considered when implementing and
operating GPS within military CIS. This presentation provides a brief introduction
to GPS, looks at the GPS information used in command and intelligence systems
and then considers the application and protection of GPS in military CIS.
Click here
for PDF
2.4e Tutorial:
Using Modelling and Simulation of the Information Grid to Deliver Value to
Defence
Presenter: Mr Allan Deacon, Electronic Systems Integration Branch, DMO
Abstract: This tutorial will
focus on providing an example of how Defence could meet a proposed Network
Centric Warfare need—that Air Warfare Destroyers and Airborne Early Warning
& Control aircraft have to transfer a given quantity of information to
Headquarters Joint Operational Command within a given time frame. It will
examine the impact of this requirement on the Information Grid in terms of how
this need can be met whilst still achieving other agreed service levels.
Attendees will receive a demonstration of how a model of the Defence
Information Environment (DIE) can be generated, how it can be used to support
capability and acquisition decisions and support DIE planning and DIE
operations, including end-to-end application performance. The introduction of
this capability will change Defence business. Future projects may have to
provide a model of their CIS element for integration testing with a model of
the DIE, and with other planned future projects. This will support Defence
Architecture Framework initiatives. The CIO Group may have to provide a
certificate to senior Defence Committees similar to the Technical Risk
Certificates provided by DSTO. There will be time for discussion of these and
other issues.
Click here for PDF
2.5a Tutorial:
ADF Migration to IPv6 Using The TIE IO IPv6 Simulation Test Experimentation and
Evaluation Laboratory (TIPSTEEL)
Presenters: Dr Rainer
Ignetik, Contractor, TIE IO, DMO; Mr
Matt Carling, Cisco Systems; Mr Ben
O’Loghlin, Tenfold Network Solutions
Abstract: In February 2005,
Australian (AS) Department of Defence (DOD) has announced that it plans to
transition to Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) by 2013. The primary drivers
for the transition to IPv6 is to benefit from the security and technological
advances that will occur in the v6 environment and to maintain the high level
of interoperability that presently exists between the Australian and other
governments internationally.
The policy mandate requires
that all new Defence hardware and software acquisition must support or
implement IPv6 by this date. This transition to IPv6 will involve all Defence
computer operating systems, network operating systems, network services,
information services and corporate applications. Given the directive, the
Tactical Information Exchange Integration Office (TIE IO) Internet Protocol
Simulation Test Experimentation and Evaluation Laboratory (TIPSTEEL) facility
was established within Defence Materiel Organisation (DMO) to assist the AS DOD
in this transition process. This presentation examines the TIPSTEEL logical
architecture, which allows testing for IPv6 compliance and interoperability as
well as link simulation. The core TIPSTEEL network configuration, which
consists of IPv4 and IPv6 termination points for hardware testing, is examined
in detail. In particular, the topologies and protocols used in three main IPv6
deployment scenarios – tunnelling, translation, and dual stack will be
discussed. The modelling and simulation capability based on Optimised Network
Engineering Tool (OPNET) software applications and NETWARS is treated in depth.
To highlight how OPNET’s Application Characterisation Environment can be used
to analyse IPv6 configuration and performance for tactical systems under test.
Lastly, a TIPSTEEL case study is presented.
Click
here for PDF
2.5b Refereed
papers: Military Networking
Session Chair: Dr Peter Shoubridge, Defence Science and Technology Organisation (DSTO)
Paper 1: Reducing The High Cost Of “Stovepipe” Systems In
NCW Systems
Authors: Mark Adcock and Kim
Grant, General Dynamics Canada
Abstract: NCW is about the
seamless access to and exchange of information in a heterogeneous environment
of widely varying bandwidth. This seamless-ness is difficult to achieve
primarily due to the proliferation of stovepipes. Communications stovepipes are
created when a single information application (voice, data, and video) is
tightly coupled to a particular communication media. “Stovepipes” result from
short-term thinking as they have fewer dependencies, hence more easily approved
and implemented, with apparent quick outcomes but create lost productivity and
are hard to get rid of. In an NCW environment, the key operational cost that
“Stovepipe’ systems impose is to increase operational friction within a force
or a coalition. One of the key means of reducing the impact of “Stovepipes” is
a robust and accepted System and System concept supported by an empowered stakeholder
oriented Joint Battlespace Information Systems Integration Board (JBISIB).
These key concepts and the SoS architecture itself must be supported by a
strong suite of technical and developmental standards to ensure independent
projects have a framework to support their implementation.
Click here for PDF
Paper 2: The Development Of A Defence Concept Technology
Demonstrator For Naval Tactical Trunk IP Communications
Authors: Paul Axon, Steve
Szybowski, Lesley Stanger, Allan Savins, John Phillips, Craig Fuller, Thales Australia
Abstract: We describe the
candidate technologies, processes and system engineering practices used by the
Thales Australia Concept Technology Demonstrator, CTD, on behalf of the
Commonwealth of Australia for the investigation, design and testing of a
broadband Naval Tactical Trunk, NTT and report on progress to date. The
objective of this CTD is to enhance the capability of the Royal Australian Navy
with mobile communications at speeds of greater than 2 Mbps as high
data-rate trunk communications accessible to military units operating within a
littoral battlespace as well as in blue-water formation. We focus on the
enhancement of high data-rate, mobile Line of Sight, LOS, communications
available to military groups operating within the littoral zone, amphibious
landings and deployments, naval task groups and mobile land forces considering
the environmental, Defence spectrum management and link budget issues for both
ship-to-ship and ship-to-shore scenarios. Although not intended for use as a
capability system the NTT must satisfy all mandatory operational and safety
requirements for testing and demonstration on board RAN ships. Three test
terminals will demonstrate wideband communications channel technologies and
algorithms for amphibious and at-sea communications and data capture within
Thales’s Australian Transformation and Innovation Centre, ATiC, to provide a
visual demonstration of the effectiveness of the NTT to support Network Centric
Warfare operations.
Click here for PDF
Paper 3: The Future Networked Joint Force
Authors: Leung Chim, Terry
Moon, Michael O’Brien, and Ken Robinson,
Defence Science and Technology Organisation
Abstract: Within its future
joint operations concept (FJOC) Australia
is adopting a network-centric warfare (NCW) approach to its military operations
having developed its own NCW concept and, subsequently, an NCW Roadmap for its
implementation. The milestones of this published Roadmap culminate in a
Networked Joint Force (NJF) in 2016. In this paper the roles, characteristics,
composition and structure of such a force are examined and an existing model
reviewed with regard to its applicability to an Australian NJF. In addition,
the implications for the recently established HQJOC are discussed along with
the ICT infrastructure central to the establishment of the Information Network
for an Australian NJF.
Click here for PDF
Paper 4: Performance Evaluation for 6to4 and TSP Tunnel
Broker IPv6 Transition Mechanisms
Authors: Kamal R. Elmughrabi,
Mergib University,
Alkoms-Libya; Majdi Ashibani and Fathi Ben
Shatwan, The Higher Institute of Industry,
Misurata-Libya
Abstract: The next-generation
Internet Protocol, initially known as IP Next Generation (Ipng), and then later
as IPv6, has been developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to
replace the current Internet Protocol (also known as IPv4). To enable the
integration of IPv6 into current networks, several transition mechanisms have
been proposed by the IETF IPng Transition Working Group [1]. This work examines
and empirically evaluates two transition mechanisms, namely 6to4, and tunnel
broker tunnelling mechanisms, as they relate to the performance of IPv6. We
explore the impact of these approaches on end-to-end user application
performance using metrics such as throughput, RTT, jitter, packet loss. All
experiments were conducted using a dual-stack (IPv4/IPv6) host (client)
connected to a dual-stack (IPv4/IPv6) server (iperf.ipv6.wiscnet.net[14]), in
the real internet using Iperf [15] tool performance testing
2.5c Update:
DIO Classified Briefs
Presenters: BRIG Gary Hogan and
DIO staff, Defence Intelligence Agency
(DIO)
Abstract: Classified briefs
on selected topics in current and emerging technologies. These updates are to
be held at Russell Offices—buses are available on the hour to take conference
attendees from the National Convention Centre to Russell Offices and return. Since
the classified briefs are to be at the Australian SECRET level, they are only
available to conference attendees who hold a current Australian SECRET
clearance. Clearances must have been confirmed with DIO before attendance at
the briefs.
2.5d Tutorial:
Information Assurance: A Defence Context
Presenters: Mr Dennis Healy, Director Information Systems Security
Design, CIOG; Mr Peter Kalkman, Director
Information Systems Assurance, CIOG
Abstract: It would seem that
Information Assurance would play a significant role in Defence particularly
with the concept of ‘need to know’ versus ‘need to share’ information. There is
always tension between restricting information and the openness required to do
business! So what is Information
Assurance? This tutorial will cover Information Assurance in a Defence context
and will cover:
• Information Assurance definitions;
• Information Systems policy;
• where it is / can be used effectively;
• architectural / design requirements;
• issues with Information Assurance;
• compliance and auditing;
• certification and accreditation; and
• the future of Information Assurance.
Click here for PDF
2.5e Tutorial:
Military Spectrum Management Challenges in a Network Enabled Battlespace
Presenters: Mr Andrew Kerans
& Mr Christopher Hose, Australian
Communications Management Agency (ACMA); COL Steve Bottcher, Chief Information Officer Group (CIOG)
Abstract: Use of the
radiofrequency spectrum is an increasingly integral part of modern defence
activities. This is particularly true
for those defence forces, such as Australia’s, embracing concepts
such as Network Centric Warfare (NCW) and capabilities provided by Unmanned
Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Defence spectrum
management has therefore become a critical issue, both within the ADF and for
national spectrum managers such as the Australian Communications and Media
Authority (ACMA). Given the
traditionally large amounts of spectrum principally dedicated to defence, such
use is increasingly coming under scrutiny from both national spectrum managers
and non-defence spectrum users (both government and non-government) in an
effort to meet the increasing demand for spectrum. Similarly, defence users are also under
pressure to accommodate new applications with increased spectrum
requirements. The challenge of satisfying
spectrum requirements for national security while simultaneously addressing
overall public benefit needs is being faced by many countries around the world,
including Australia. This tutorial discusses, from both ADF and
ACMA perspectives, existing and emerging arrangements for the management of
spectrum for defence applications in an Australian and global context.
3.1 Breakfast Session
The Exhibition is open and
coffee is available in the Exhibition Hall.
Product Brief—Optus: Competitive Infrastructure across
Australia—Mr Tony Whigham, General
Manager Federal Government, Optus
3.2
Plenary Session—Implementing NCW in a Dynamic Environment: Making the Past Fit
Today's Reality and Tomorrow's Vision
Presentation—The Challenges of Implementing an
Evolving NCW Concept in the Reality Of DMO (Projects on Time, on Budget to an
Agreed Quality)—Ms Shireane McKinnie—Head, Electronic and Weapons Systems
Division, Defence Materiel Organisation & Mr Graham Eveille—Director General Electronic Systems
Integration
Panel Discussion—Chair: Mr Graham Eveille—Director
General Electronic Systems Integration
3.3
Plenary Session—Implementing NCW in a Dynamic Environment: Making the Past Fit
Today’s Reality and Tomorrow's Vision
Presentation—Projects Facing the Challenges Of
Implementing NCW in a Dynamic Environment—An Array of Diverse Communications and
Information Systems From Across the Operating Domains and Environments—presented by DMO Branch Heads
3.4a Tutorial:
Applying “SOA” in Defence
Presenter: Mr Andy Heys, Industry Solution Architect, IBM
Abstract: Service Oriented
Architecture (SOA) and a Service Oriented Approach are much discussed (and
frequently abused) terms. Underneath the industry hype however are
fundamentally sound concepts which, if implemented, can enable more flexible,
cost effective and, most importantly, operationally effective capabilities.
This tutorial will discuss the rationale for a service oriented approach and
define the core concepts and characteristics. Implementing SOA should be a
revolution in thinking realised through an evolution in infrastructure and
capability and there are a number of different entry points depending on
current situation and needs which will be identified. Governance is critical to
ensuring that an overall SOA strategy can be implemented and this will be
illustrated by reference to SOA early-adopters, particularly those elsewhere in
industry. Finally, the tutorial will touch on the wider implications of SOA on
a defence strategy based on the doctrine of network centric operations.
Reference will be made, where appropriate, to experiences elsewhere both in
defence and other government and commercial enterprises.
Click here for
PDF
3.4b Refereed
Papers: Underwater Communications Networks
Session Chair: Dr David
Liebling, Defence Science and Technology
Organisation (DSTO)
Paper 1: High Capacity Underwater Communications
Authors: Craig Benson, Michael
Frater, Michael Ryan, UNSW@ADFA
Abstract: Underwater
communications are currently characterised by low data rates and long
propagation delays. The long propagation delays are a result of the speed of
sound being slow, and the low data rates are primarily a result of utilising
low frequency acoustic signals to minimise absorption. The propagation delay
can only be improved by a change in the propagation technique, to either cable
or electromagnetic radiation. The low data rate can be improved by increasing
the operating frequency. Although higher frequencies will result in a higher
absorption rate, we propose that this be countered by using a multi-hop
technique to forward data over numerous relatively short paths. This minimises
the total power lost to absorption, providing high data rate communications
with modest power consumption. A key constraint on multi-hop communication is
that there is interference on the shared communication channel - the multi-hop
nodes compete to try and be heard over one another with each other as they
forward each message. Operating at high frequencies—with corresponding high
absorption—muffles this interference and allows ready re-use of the common
channel across the communication network. An underwater acoustic multi-hop
communication network can therefore provide high data rates in an affordable
manner.
Click here for PDF
Paper 2: Taming The Beast, Tackling Media Access Control
(Mac) Issues For Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks
Authors: Xiaoxing Guo,
Michael R. Frater, and Michael J. Ryan, UNSW@ADFA
Abstract: Although widely
used by terrestrial sensor networks, radio frequencies (RF) do not propagate
well underwater. Acoustic channels are therefore employed as an alternative to
support long-distance and low-power communication in an underwater environment.
Enabled by acoustic transponders, underwater acoustic sensor networks are an
efficient means to retrieve accurate and up-to-date information from beneath
the ocean’s surface. However, since acoustic signals suffer from very long
propagation delay and have very limited bandwidth, media access control (MAC)
techniques tend to be quite different from those employed in RF-enabled
networks. This paper attempts to investigate the effect of long propagation
delay on classic MAC protocol and then address some possible ways to overcome
these effects.
Click here for PDF
Paper 3: Estimating The Number Of Neighbours And Their
Distribution In An Underwater Communication Network (UWCN)
Authors: Md. Shafiul Azam Howlader, Michael R.
Frater, Michael J. Ryan, UNSW@ADFA
Abstract: In an UWCN as well
as in a terrestrial network, the ad hoc nature of the network means that the
number of neighbouring nodes can be changed at any time. Additionally, the
number of neighbouring nodes is not known for a given node when the network is
first formed. Sometimes it is very useful to count how many neighbours there
are for a node. Here we provide a probabilistic estimation procedure of
counting the number of neighbours with a certain accuracy. While doing that we
keep capture effect in our mind, which is inevitable in any wireless network
and definitely increases the throughput of any protocol. It does, however,
complicate matters, so our estimation procedure is deliberately based on a
property that is not affected by capture effect. Within the same procedure we
are also able to obtain an estimation of the distribution of the nodes, since
capture effect depends on that. The distribution of the nodes will be helpful
to get further different information about the network. Again the distribution
of the nodes depends on the dimensionality of the neighbours; hence we can get
the dimensionality nature of the neighbour nodes.
Click here for PDF
3.4c Tutorial:
Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS)
Presenters: Dr Sam McLaughlin
and Mr James Fuary, Thales Australia
Abstract: The Joint Tactical
Radio System (JTRS) is one of the United States Department of Defense’s core transformational
programs. The Joint Program Executive Office (JPEO) JTRS manages the
acquisition of this critical new capability. The aim of the JTRS programme is
to develop and produce a family of interoperable, affordable software defined
radios which will provide secure, wireless networking communications
capabilities for Joint forces. The aim of this tutorial is to examine the JTRS
and its relevance to Australia
as well as emerging European programmes. The ADF needs to have a detailed
understanding of this system and how it will impact upon our future systems and
also the way in which we communicate with Coalition forces.
Click here for PDF
3.4d Update: Integrated Topside Design of Warships
Presenter: Johan Lubben, Director - Naval Communications Systems,
Rohde & Schwarz (Australia)
Pty Ltd
Abstract: Network Centric
warfare is based on share and use of information in a common network locally
onboard warships and between headquarters, land and airborne units. This has
caused a rapid progress in technology and changed the design of modern war
vessels. A huge volume of data has to be transferred between vessels,
aeroplanes, land forces and Headquarters. This data transfer is requiring more
and more RF communication channels in the various frequency bands, with
numerous new radio systems that have to work without interference. To enable
this interference free working of the radio systems the top side design has to
be optimized for antenna collocation. Not only the communications channels but
also the Radars and ESM sensors have to be considered. Therefore the Integrated
Top-side Design targets are to reduce radiation hazards, optimise performance,
minimize EMI (electromagnetic interference), maximize EMC (electromagnetic
compatibility), and minimize ships signature. This must all be achieved without
degradation of the operational capabilities of the vessel. Optimisation of the
Integrated Top-side Design of the vessels is not enough to reach the performance
requirements for the number of radio systems required for today’s warships.
Additional measures have to be taken to enable an optimal data transfer over
the available radio systems. Additional filters, frequency management and other
special measures in the total system concept have to be considered to reduce
signal to noise ratios as well as the use of enhanced modulation techniques to
improve data throughputs on the radio channels. Enabling a warship to enter
today digital world of Network Centric Warfare is more than providing a number
of radio channels. It is a capability provided by the total integrated system
concept of a Fully Integrated Information & Communication System (FI2CS).
Click here for PDF
3.5 Plenary
Session—Future C3I Integration
Debate—Chair: Dr Mark Anderson—Defence Science and Technology Organisation
Panel
Discussion—Chair: Dr Mark Anderson—Defence Science and Technology Organisation
Abstract:
The command and control of operations, the management of communications
networks and their security, and the acquisition of new C3I technologies are
largely independent activities in Defence. In this debate and panel session we
examine issues surrounding the efficacy and integration of these three
areas, especially to achieve NCW aspirations. Elements of case studies will be
used as backdrops in order to
focus on various points and stimulate strong discussion and counterpoints.
These conference
proceedings are available for sale from the conference secretariat.
