MILCIS2008
Session
Abstracts
1.1 Breakfast Session
The Exhibition is open and
coffee is available in the Exhibition Hall.
1.2
Plenary Session—Conference Opening
Welcome—Professor
John Baird, Rector UNSW@ADFA
Welcome—Mr
Greg Farr, Chief Information Officer,
CIOG
Opening and Keynote Address—AIRMSHL
Mark Binskin AM, Chief of Air Force
1.3 Plenary Session—Chief Information Officer
Group
Keynote Address—Mr Greg Farr, Chief Information Officer, CIOG
Keynote Address—RADM Peter
Jones, Head of ICT Operations Division
Keynote Address—CAPT David Greaves, RAN, J6, HQJOC
Keynote Address—Mr Peter
Docwra, COO, CIOG
Presenter: Mr Brett Boardman, Tactical Information Exchange Integration Office
Introduction to Tactical Data Links in
the ADF provides participants with an
awareness of the function and utility of Tactical Data Links (TDLs) in the
Australian Defence Force both now and into the future. This will be a high level
overview for personnel wishing to gain knowledge in a wide range of TDLs with a
summary on:
• Link 16
• Link 11
• Variable
Message Format (VMF) and
• Joint Range
Extension Application Protocol (JREAP).
There will be some exploration into emerging Data
Links such as Link 22, Common Data Link and Cooperative Engagement Capability
(CEC) to look at the future potential of TDLs as a component of Network Centric
Warfare.
1.4b Tutorial: The Value of Enterprise Architecture for Force
Integration
Presenter: Dr Ed Lewis, School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, UNSW@ADFA
Enterprise Architecture (EA) has value well beyond its
traditional use in describing complicated IT systems. Although the EA process can reduce the costs
of such IT systems by at least 15%, its real value is in designing systems
consisting of any set of resources. The
tutorial covers the use of EA thinking in force integration; ensuring the force
elements are integrated for efficiency and aligned to the strategy so the force
is as effective as is possible.
1.4c Tutorial: Managing
the Risks from US Laws: Avoiding
Unacceptable Outcomes in Defence Procurements
Presenter: Mr Roland L. Trope, Trope and Schramm LLP and Adjunct
Professor, Department of Law, U.S. Military Academy at West Point
This
tutorial will address three adverse tendencies that emerge in defence trade
with the United States and arise from the application of complex and subtle US
laws. Unless adequately understood and addressed, such tendencies drive the
overseas buyer’s or seller’s project towards profoundly unacceptable outcomes. Each
tendency derives from a misunderstanding of, and inattention to, a set of legal
rules or regulations:
(1) the FMS Letter of Offer and Acceptance (LOA)
that applies when an allied government engages the US government to contract
with US defense firms for the purchase of military equipment of the desired
quality and performance;
(2) the
Defense Federal Acquisition Regulations Supplement (DFARS) that determine the rights
to intellectual property (patents, copyrights and proprietary technical data)
when defense equipment is developed in part with U.S. government funds; and
(3)
the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) and Export Administration
Regulations (EAR) that apply to exports and re-export of defense articles of
U.S. origin (including defense articles with only a small portion of
U.S.-origin content).
The
tutorial will focus on the most serious misunderstandings that tend to arise
when these sets of legal rules or regulations apply and will illustrate
unacceptable outcomes that have occurred. Throughout the tutorial, we will
invite discussion through questions to the seminar participants about the best
strategies for addressing the tendencies that arise from misunderstanding of,
and inattention to, these laws. The
Seminar is best suited for participants who believe they know the FMS LOA,
DFARS and ITAR/EAR regimes. However, the
presenter will briefly explain the key concepts of each regime. The tutorial should therefore be of interest
and benefit to participants who are unfamiliar with or seek to improve their
understanding of one or more of the legal regimes under discussion and their
management of the attendant risks.
Presenter; Mr Craig Benson, UNSW@ADFA
Abstract:
GPS has become an important component of modern operational and tactical command
and intelligence Systems. Whilst GPS has
the ability to provide accurate position, navigation and timing, the GPS
capability has a number of limitations, which should be considered when
implementing and operating GPS within military CIS. This presentation provides
a brief introduction to GPS, looks at the GPS information used in command and intelligence
systems, and then considers the application and protection of GPS in military
CIS.
Presenter: Ms Tracey Wong, HADFTA
The
Australian Defence Force Tactical Data Link Authority (ADFTA) has recently
adopted a new approach towards the Configuration Management of Tactical Data
Links (TDLs). The interoperable Systems
Management and Requirements Transformation (iSMART) Process is a systems-engineering
process applied throughout the life of a project, from concept to
disposal. The iSMART Process provides a
detailed understanding of the System-of-Systems into which new capabilities
will be integrated; and the resulting effects on interoperability. It can also be applied to legacy systems to
understand their capabilities within the existing System-of-Systems and develop
future upgrade paths. This presentation will provide an overview of the iSMART
process and its supporting software toolset eSMART; how it will be used by the
ADFTA to provide interoperability assurance; and how it is being integrated
into the ADF Capability Development Life Cycle.
Presenter: Mr Mark Watson, Tactical Information Exchange Integration Office
The Systems Integration Support Project (SISP) is a
TIE IO initiated, Army Headquarters endorsed activity aimed at evaluating the
ability of the land networking related capability projects to deliver Army's
stated Hardened Networked Army (HNA) outcomes.
With the support of the ADFA School of Information Technology and
Electrical Engineering, TIE IO aims to; establish a tactile, laboratory-based,
representative Networked Battle Group architecture; and, quantitatively
evaluating the resultant system's performance against a series of endorsed Command
& Control (C2) and Offensive Support (OS) themed Mission Threads.
Presenter: Dr Meredith Hue, Land Operations Division, DSTO
Insight
is provided into architecture practice supporting the development of deployed
communications and information system (CIS) capability in the context of NCW.
In determining what NCW capability may be extant in various instantiations of a
Force, and at different epochs, an important starting point is to understand
what connectivity can be supported. A set of simplified architecture
descriptions and technical reference models are outlined to support analysis of
connectivity between disparate nodes in a heterogeneous networking environment,
focussing on the infrastructure which may be supporting many different types of
information flows. The approach to connectivity analysis is drawn from graph
theory, which allows the Force to be represented in simplistic terms as a set
of graph nodes and links, supporting different types of information transfer.
The method allows investigation of what platforms and organisations share the
same communications bearers, the same networking environments, and the same computer-based
applications, including consideration of protocols employed, traffic types
supported, gateways provided, security services supported, and how many
users/system and systems/user. The method was used to support connectivity
analysis during a recent major military exercise in support of measuring the
NCW capability of a Networked Maritime Task Group.
Presenter: Mr Murray Bruce
and Mr Bruce Crossman, IBM
Ministries
of Defence worldwide face increasing uncertainty and dynamic changes through
geographically dispersed conflict, asymmetric threats, and complex lines of
communication between defence forces and allies. At the same time Defence
budgets are under increased pressure and access to skilled personnel to field
new capabilities are in scarce supply. The role of technology as an enabler in
response to these challenges has never been more critical. How can Defence agencies
increase combat power through network-centric operations? How do they ensure
connected administrative systems, sensors, weapon systems, decision makers and
troops to achieve shared awareness, increased speed of command and improved
success in the field?
This
tutorial draws on lessons learnt with other militaries addressing challenges
with interoperability and flexibility from tactical data links to command
support systems, from military logistics to back-end ERPs, from fire-control
systems to embedded cell processors. The tutorial provides both an enterprise
view and a critique of the likely building blocks that will be essential to
underpin future network centric approaches. Discussion will leverage experience
gained implementing these capabilities and addressing the operational,
business, and organisational realities involved.
The
session will provide a practical view based on implemented solutions and proven
results from across the globe. The training is ideal for capability
development, strategy and procurement executives from across Defence and the national
security agencies as well as industry executives charged with delivering these
capabilities.
Presenters: Mr Andrew Tape—Senior Manager–Multi-National Information
Sharing
Directorate of Multi-national Relations and
Interoperability, CIOG
This
tutorial will cover the myriad of Multi-national Information systems that are
currently in use in the ADF and describe the future plan. This future plan sees
some systems remaining as standalone systems and others being amalgamated with
access from the DSN desktop
2.1 Breakfast Session
The Exhibition is open and
coffee is available in the Exhibition Hall.
Product
Brief: Ensuring Data Security
through Multi-classification Applications
Presenter: Mr Tim Hill, Business Development Manager, Avocent Australia Pty Ltd
Today’s government agencies face a serious challenge
when it comes to ensuring the security of data at various classification
levels. With restricted data residing on separate computers, accessing that
data can be a major task. Even though you may have clearance to access data at
multiple classification levels, you still must keep the data separate. Plus,
switching among two or more computers at different classification levels
introduces vulnerabilities to security as well as inefficiencies in
productivity.
Avocent®, a global leader in IT Operations Management
Solutions enables our customers to manage IT complexity simplify IT-Business
alignment from the desktop to the datacenter. Avocent NIAP-certified
SwitchView® SC KVM switching systems are field-proven, secure solutions for
government agencies.
Come & gain insights as Avocent shares on how our
SwitchView SC KVM solutions allow you to switch safely between computers
operating at different classification levels from a single switch, providing
continuous access to critical data, ensuring data security isn’t comprised.
2.2
Plenary Session—Defence ICT Delivery
Keynote Address—Ms Lorraine Watt, Assistant Secretary, Enterprise System
Development Branch (ASESD), CIOG
Keynote Address—AIRCDRE Andrew Dowse, DGICD, CDG
Keynote Address—Mr
Peter Lambert, HHRCS, DMO Corporate,
Defence Materiel Organisation
2.3
Plenary Session: NCW Update from the Services
An NCW update from the three
services.
Navy—CAPT Charles
McHardie, Director General Navy
Communications & Intelligence
Army— COL Martin
Faulkner, Director of Network Centric
Warfare –Army
Air Force—WGCDR Darren May, Deputy Director Systems, Air Force
Headquarters
Presenter: Mr Andrew Shegog, Tactical Information Exchange Integration
Office
This
tutorial will provide an overview of VMF systems, sufficient to allow an
understanding of the processes used to increase bandwidth efficiencies in
systems typically used over Combat Net Radio (CNR) below brigade headquarters.
The tutorial will cover:
• What is VMF?
• Where
is VMF used and what type of systems employ the technology?
• What
standards are required for a VMF system?
• Detailed
discussion of MIL-STD-6017 - Variable Message Format (VMF)
• Management
of MIL-STD-6017
• Detailed
discussion of MIL-STD-2045-47001—Connectionless Data Transfer Application Layer
Standard
• Management
of MIL-STD-2045-47001
• Overview
of VMF bearer standards
• Use
and functionality described in MIL-STD-188-220—Digital Message Transfer Device
Subsystems
• Management
of MIL-STD-188-220
• Summary
and Questions
Presenter: Dr Meredith Hue, Land Operations Division, DSTO
A
set of metrics and indicators is described, developed within the Net-centric
Evaluation Framework (NEF), to assist in the measurement and evaluation of NCW
capability. The NEF has been framed to support the evaluation of progress in
the implementation of Australian Network Centric Warfare (NCW) through a
model-test-model approach applied on major military exercises as described in
the NCW Roadmap 2007 page 20. The NEF
has been developed to explore the value proposition of NCW, and ostensibly, to
provide a vehicle to facilitate the monitoring and evaluation of progress, at
selected epochs, towards implementation of Australian NCW. The NEF seeks to
provide insight into the value of information in its various forms in terms of
its contribution towards warfighting effectiveness. A value proposition has been articulated
based on the underlying premises of Australian NCW. A set of metrics and
indicators and analytical constructs relating to the value proposition are
provided to measure emergent net-centric properties being manifested by the
Force in the warfighting environment. The NEF spans both the network dimension
and the human dimension described in the NCW Roadmap, and includes
consideration of quality of information, networking, situational awareness,
shared understanding, collaboration, C2 agility, Force agility, and Force
effectiveness. The NEF was successfully applied during a recent major military
exercise in support of measuring the NCW capability of a Networked Maritime
Task Group.
2.4c Tutorial:
ADF Satellite Programs
Presenter:LTCOL Chris Rule, CDG; Mr Greg McKinnon, DMO; and WGCDR Nick Clarke, CIOG
The
Australian Defence Force makes significant and growing use of satellite
communications (SATCOM) in support of deployed forces globally. In three parts
speakers from Capability Development Group, Chief Information Officer Group and
the Defence Materiel Organisation will discuss current Defence SATCOM
operations, the vision for the Australian Defence SATCOM System, and the
approach taken to deliver and manage Australian access to the Wideband Global
SATCOM (WGS) system as the next generation ADF wideband SATCOM capability.
CIOG
is responsible for Satellite Operations (SATOPS) with the Defence Network
Operations Centre (DNOC) providing satellite communications services to support
both Defence’s enterprise and operational activities. Currently, SATOPS manages
access to Defence owned resources such as the Defence Payload System (DPS) on
Optus C1, and leased services from commercial providers such as Optus, Intelsat
and New Skies as well as access to available bandwidth on the satellites of
allies.
The
Australian Defence SATCOM System, comprised of space, ground and control
segments has been developed through multiple projects within the major capital
program known as Joint Project 2008. While early stages defined requirements,
capability has been delivered under Phase 3 in the maritime and ground terminal
segments, wideband space segment and anchor station segments. Phase 4 is
currently delivering the WGS system and Phase 5 will deliver the mature SATCOM
system from 2013, providing the next generation narrowband capability, mature
anchor station segment and a family of deployable terminals.
WGS
constitutes the most significant enhancement to ADF SATCOM capability since the
delivery of the DPS on Optus C1. WGS will provide a global wideband capability
from 2008 to 2026 with Australia contributing significantly to the full
development of the six satellite constellation and TT&C. With acquisition
and commercial arrangements managed through a Memorandum of Understanding with
the US Government, WGS provides DMO some unique challenges in delivering
capability and an enduring governance responsibility for WGS terminal
compliance.
Presenter:
Mr Christian Waldhauser, Director of
Communications Programs for the Asia/Pacific Region, Rohde & Schwarz
Conventional
solutions for integrating radio communications lines involve a large number of
antennas dedicated to the individual radio communication lines. This leads to
many inappropriate mounting positions in respect to electrical behaviour.
Future systems will require considerably fewer antennas and simultaneously more
radio communication lines. These antennas need to be arranged more efficiently
onboard ships. Modern platforms like future frigates will thus be equipped with
integrated antenna systems (IAS) adapted to or integrated into the mast
structure. The antenna systems will also cover a wider frequency range than
actual solutions by using broadband antennas. This tutorial will identify the
advantages of modern antenna systems and will provide solutions on the basis of
modern antenna designs and state-of-the-art coupling networks.
Presenter:
Steve Thompson, General Manager Defence
and Public Security and Federal Government – Australia, SAP, and Allan
Johnson, Industry Principal Defence –
Australia and New Zealand, SAP
This presentation will detail
SAP for Defence & Security and explain how it can be implemented into the
current Australian Defence Organisation environment in cooperation with
existing systems and initiatives, towards the objective of a ‘single Defence
ERP’. SAP for Defence & Security is
Military Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software in use by many overseas
defence forces including the United States and Germany, within the Asia Pacific
region it is used by the Singapore and New Zealand forces.
SAP is unique in offering
military off the shelf software (MOTS) that covers both administrative and
military ERP requirements of international Defence Forces. SAP is already used by the Australian
Defence Force for its financial management and reporting functions and is
competitive for current and potential future opportunities including JP2030
(SOCSS), JP2077 Phase 2D (MLIS) and PMKeys replacement.
SAP
for Defence & Security integrates with C2I systems using NATO standards. The Solution also provides specific
capabilities for planning and managing deployed exercises and operations and
operates on a multi-tiered architecture supporting deployed and mobile
solutions in the field. Core to SAP
for Defence & Security functionality is the ability to model the entire
peace and war time Australian Defence Organisation as Force Element Groups
(FEGs) down to unit level and below.
These FEGs electronically manage roles and tasking as well as the
authorised and actual platforms, personnel, material and information for each
unit. The operational and support
relationships between FEGS are also managed electronically with workflows
provided to enable electronic decision making.
Tight integration between the FEGs and typical administrative processes
enable automated updates of training records, capture of exercise and operation
costs and integration between readiness requirements and asset management, to
name a few capabilities.. The prime benefit
is the ability to shift resources away from administration to mission delivery,
such as war-fighting, peace keeping and humanitarian aid support.
Presenter:
Mr Mathew McGreevey (ASMTF Manager)
and Ms Cate Colman (A/HAPP/CM), Tactical Information Exchange Integration
Office
The
Australian Message Test Format (ASMTF) Standard has been developed to
facilitate the exchange of text-based information between Command and Control
(C2) systems and Command Support Systems (CSS) within the Australian Defence
Force and between Australian and Allied Forces. The ASMTF is based on the
syntax and terminology used by the United States Message Text Format (USMTF)
system, which is also compatible with that of the North Atlantic Treaty
Organisation (NATO).
This
tutorial will introduce the ASMTF Standard and discuss how Message Text Formats
(MTFs) can be used to automate the transfer of text-based information between
Defence systems, including the constraints faced when exchanging MTFs. The
tutorial will also provide a brief on Australian involvement with the NATO MTF
Working Group and an overview of changes occurring internationally to migrate
MTF standards to use the eXtensible Markup Language (XML).
2.5b
2.5c Product
Brief: Operational Communications On The Move (COTM)
Presenter:
Mr Larry Taylor (Director Strategic
Business Development, ViaSat Inc.)
On-the-move
satellite communication demands the use of very small aperture antennas and
superior technology to combat the effects of blockage between the mobile
antenna and the satellite. By leveraging ViaSat’s ArcLight waveform and network
technology, ViaSat’s Mobile Satcom system meets the needs of tactical users and
delivers superior on-the-move broadband network access.
Using
a hub-spoke network topology, the ArcLight Spread Spectrum System allows a
greater allocation of the link budget to the challenging satellite-to-mobile
link. Bandwidth efficiency is maximized
by use of ViaSat’s patented Paired Carrier Multiple Access (PCMA) frequency
reuse technology, which allows the return links (mobile to hub) to
simultaneously share the same bandwidth as the forward link. The use of this technique
not only greatly increases bandwidth efficiency, but allows the return links to
spread their energy across the satellite transponder.
This
also enables the use of very small aperture antennas, since the spreading makes
it possible to meet regulatory (FCC/ITU) requirements for Adjacent Satellite
Interference (ASI). In addition to spreading, the system’s return links use a
ViaSat-patented access technique called Code Reuse Multiple Access (CRMA) which
enables efficient transmission in the presence of intermittent blockages. CRMA allows each terminal to decide when to
transmit without needing bandwidth assignment from the hub, enabling the mobile
to transmit when there is no blockage and to inhibit transmission when blockage
is present.
The
Mobile Satcom system is inherently scalable in a similar manner to all
commercial bandwidth-on-demand VSAT networks, since the forward link is a
shared medium transporting IP packets and the return link uses a multiple
access method designed to handle many simultaneous users.
The
ViaSat ArcLight system has been deployed in commercial Ku-band, and offers
similar advantages in commercial C-band as well as Military X and Ka-band
applications. Larry has been involved with integration of the current Ku-band
operational ArcLight systems including C-130 hatch mount terminals, light
aircraft (Cessna) and helicopter (UH-60) terminals as well as ground mounted
terminals in Bradley Fighting Vehicles and HMMWVs.
ViaSat will be conducting a
live demonstration during the conference.
Presenters: COL Lewis Coyle, Chief Information Officer Group (CIOG); and
Mr Christopher Hose, Australian
Communications and Media Authority (ACMA)
Use
of the radiofrequency spectrum is an increasingly integral part of modern
defence activities. This is particularly
true for those defence forces, such as Australia’s, embracing concepts
such as Network Centric Warfare (NCW) and capabilities provided by Unmanned
Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Defence spectrum
management has therefore become a critical issue, both within the ADF and for
national spectrum managers such as the Australian Communications and Media
Authority (ACMA). Given the
traditionally large amounts of spectrum principally dedicated to defence, such
use is increasingly coming under scrutiny from both national spectrum managers
and non-defence spectrum users (both government and non-government) in an effort
to meet the increasing demand for spectrum.
Similarly, defence users are also under pressure to accommodate new
applications with increased spectrum requirements. The challenge of satisfying spectrum
requirements for national security while simultaneously addressing overall
public benefit needs is being faced by many countries around the world,
including Australia. This tutorial discusses, from both ADF and
ACMA perspectives, existing and emerging arrangements for the management of
spectrum for defence applications in an Australian and global context.
2.5e Tutorial and Product
Brief
Presenter: Mr Steve Brewer, Director, Shared Services, Logistics
Acquisition Program
A
technical upgrade to ERP software can often be taken as just a simple IT
upgrade project until ..... the reality
of adopting existing business processes to a 'new' COTS based solution brings
the realisation of the need to change your business practices and policies to
suit the new software and not the reverse.
The opportunity to change and improve the processes also leaps to mind
quickly, but the reality is that the years of ongoing 'customisation' and
future costs will quickly outweigh the advantages of tailoring software to meet
your current way of doing business. This
presentation will discuss the effort and approaches involved in achieving a
single approach to logistics through business transformation within a large,
complex organisation. A compelling
story.
2. Product Brief: Mincom Architecture Evolution
Presenter: Craig Hurst, Chief Technology Director, Mincom
In
totality, any modern Military Extended Enterprise (MEE) incorporates an enormous
array of functions, internal and external organisations and their respective
information technology tools. In
supporting the MEE, information technology based solutions must be
incrementally adaptive and also leverage the collective capacity of the 'information
eco-system' through use of tools that are open and compliant with recognised
integration standards. In delivering the
next generation of the ADO's core logistics information technology, Mincom
understands the changing technology landscape and the foundations that must be
prepared now so that Defence may achieve better 'Return-On-Investment (ROI) in
its existing information technology and the decisions being taken today. Mincom will present how the topics of
application integration, Services Orientated Architectures, Web Services, Web
User interfaces have influenced the design of the core MILIS solution. The
session is an opportunity for other members of the 'information eco-system' to
first-hand how the dramatically improved 'openness' of the MILIS solution might
be used to improve the effectiveness of other applications needed in the
logistics support environment.
3.1 Breakfast Session
The Exhibition is open and
coffee is available in the Exhibition Hall.
3.2a Plenary Session
Presenter:
Ms Kathy Bailey, Director, International
Programs, JPEO JTRS, USA
3.2b Plenary Session
Presenter:
BRIG Stephen Dunn, Director General Land
Development, CDG
3.3a
3.3b Refereed Papers: Session 1
Paper 1: Architecture
Evaluation in Support of Air Combat Capability Integration
Author: Chris Janczura, Joint Operations Division, DSTO
Abstract. The paper outlines
an integrated framework in support of a generic problem of system of systems
(SoS) integration and describes an application of the framework formalisms to a
large architecture comprising an Air Combat Capability (ACC) integrated into
its Command Control Communication Computer Intelligence Surveillance and
Reconnaissance (C4ISR) SoS environment. The framework utilises the notion of
synthesis of executable architectures from their static Department of Defense
Architecture Framework (DoDAF) specifications and focuses on the information
interoperability aspect of integration. The DoDAF ACC architecture, developed
in an earlier study, did not have all the components needed to describe the
system in an executable form and hence certain refinements
were added. An operational activity process capturing the missions carried
out by an ACC together with its corresponding properties is extracted from the
architecture and modelled as a Coloured Petri Net (CPN). State space analysis
is utilised to investigate the CPN model. All possible execution sequences are
generated and investigated to verify the properties of interest. The approach
of developing executable architectures of the existing, large, non-execution
compliant architectures assists analysts and designers to rigorously and
efficiently evaluate and compare architecture designs.
Paper 2: Achieving Information
Interoperability Using Data Distribution Middleware
Authors: Christos Sioutis, Kate Foster, Peter Temple and Derek Dominish,
DSTO
Abstract. Network Centric
Warfare (NCW) experimentation is required in order to transform the Australian
Defence Force (ADF) into a net centric force. One area of experimentation is
net centric software architectures, particularly component-based systems and
middleware. Developed at the Defence Science & Technology Organisation
(DSTO), the Airborne Early Warning and Control Mission
System Testbed (AEW&C MST) enables such experimentation to be conducted and
is overviewed in this paper. Recent development of the AEW&C MST has
involved implementing an asynchronous publish-subscribe service and a number of
adapters to visualise the published information in different forms. The
AEW&C MST is also one node in the DSTO Net Warrior Initiative, which aims
to conduct net centric experimentation with real systems, testbeds and
simulators across DSTO and, eventually, wider Defence. This paper discusses Net
Warrior, the role of the AEW&C MST as the AEW&C node and a recent Net
Warrior demonstration that was conducted with the AEW&C MST.
Paper 3: IP Convergence
For Military Naval Communications
Author: A. Ollett, P. Feighan, M. Simmonds and D. Milne, Thales
Australia
Abstract. The global
technology trend in communications is towards richer digital services, greater
bandwidth, higher capacity and increased resilience all contributing to greater
efficiency for the user. Internet
Protocol (IP) has become the undisputed pervasive world standard that is
supporting and accelerating this trend.
The advantages in using full IP based architecture are many and there is
every reason to expect that the capability gap over other technologies will
continue to widen thanks to the massive investment by industry and research
institutions alike. The use of IP
architecture is essential to ensure that our forces will be networked,
interoperable and agile to meet the array of new and existing threats with
confidence and prevail. The inadvertent
selection of non-IP based architecture for communications may be an error in
judgement that could ultimately limit Australia’s military effectiveness.
Paper 4: Dynamic Content in
Support of the User Defined Operational Picture
Authors: Alexander Cameron, EDS Defence Services, Australia; Michael
Donovan, EDS Defense Services, USQ; John Craig, EDS Defence, Canada; and Grant
Osborne, Defence and Systems Institute, University of South Australia
Abstract. Increasing
operational tempo places a burden on ISR systems to yield timely content. Unfortunately for the military commander, the
technology that can assist this endeavour is also creating a level playing
field, where asymmetric operations are the norm. The response to this disruption must be rapid
and highly exploitive of any new capability, content or data that is
opportunistically acquired. In a Network
Centric Warfare (NCW) environment, this is a very real scenario. It will be increasingly difficult for
military organisations to manage information and content in environments that
are becoming complex and highly interactive as they seek to exploit the
information edge. This paper explores
the concept of a User Defined Operation Picture (UDOP) and how with the
capability to govern the acquisition and fusion of dynamically available
information and content will greatly enhance the war fighter’s ability to win
the war. The paper will also explore the
proposition that within asymmetric environments an identity framework supported
by a policy based security context is a method to rapidly enable connection and
publishing data sources for consumption by soldiers and mission commanders.
Novel techniques will be required that provide a just in time analysis,
exploitation and visualisation of data as it enters the battle space picture.
Coupled with a concept of a UDOP, commanders will have the ability to draw
actionable conclusions from the flood of events and information available. They will also have the ability to allow
resource owners at multiple levels of an organization to establish, manage (and
override) policy for access to the flow of information along with the ability,
using Identity Management systems, to provision infrastructure components when
and where needed to support the mission planning and operations. In essence, we
will increasingly need to work within rapidly altering structure of capability
and vocabulary and not be constrained to the representation of static and
‘familiar’ information and content.
Presenter: Ms Margot Schelling, Program Manager TIPSTEEL, Tactical Information Exchange Integration
Office
The
TIE IO IP Simulation Test Experimentation and Evaluation Lab (TIPSTEEL) is a
Defence facility set up to test IP network requirements and transition options
from IPv4 to IPv6, with an IPv6 transition target date of 2013. The facility
has two core components; the Hardware subsystem and the Modelling and
Simulation subsystem, with the hardware subsystems replicated in the Modelling
and Simulation subsystem to allow comparative analysis and understand the
relationship between the "real world" and the "simulated
world". This presentation will
present the lessons learnt in base lining the facility, the methodology
utilised, results and the future tasking options.
Presenter: Mr Charles Smith, Alcatel-Lucent
This
presentation outlines a proposed architecture for the implementation of IP/MPLS
as the base carrier technology for Defence Deployable Tactical Network
Infrastructures for Military Operations. User requirements for military infrastructures
such as ease of deployment, fast protection mechanisms, multi-service support,
traffic engineering, prioritization and quality of service enforcement are
similar to those demanded in existing carrier networks where MPLS has been
adopted as the preferred Voice/Video & Data convergence technology. We look at the similarities and how MPLS
copes with differences when comparing tactical military deployments to fixed
carrier infrastructures and how it offers investment protection in existing
deployed communications systems and a clear migration path as these systems are
superseded as the latest technical advances are implemented for defence
communications infrastructures.
Presenter: Mr Andrew Shegog, Tactical Information Exchange Integration
Office
This
tutorial will provide a detailed presentation of the functionality and
components of MIL-STD-188-220. The tutorial will cover sufficient detail to
provide a thorough understanding of where and why MIL-STD-188-220 systems
should be employed. The tutorial will cover:
•
Overview of the
standard
•
History of the
standard development
•
Network Access
Delay (NAD) schemes
•
Types of service
•
Timing parameters
required for efficient digital transfer
•
Addressing
schemes
•
Error Detection
•
Transmission and
Link Layer headers
•
Other Features
o Source
Directed Relay
o XNP
3.4b Refereed Papers: Refereed Papers: Session 2
Paper 1: Multi-level
Security System
Authors: Glen Strickland and Paul Rowe, CA Pacific Pty Ltd
Abstract. As it moves to embrace the vision of a
network-enabled force outlined in the capstone planning document, Force 2020,
Defence has identified the crucial need to transition from “platform-centric”
operations to network-enabled operations. Treating platforms as “nodes” on a
network, network-enabled operations will link different elements of the
organisation to conduct warfare and other operations more effectively. A key
building block for this strategy is multi-level security (MLS). By managing
information with different classifications and categories, MLS simultaneously
permits access by users with authorised security clearance and denies access to
users who lack authorisation.
Paper2: An Evaluation of
Mobile Ad Hoc Routing Protocols Using a Realistic Tactical Military Mobility
Model
Author: Peter Holliday, School of Information Technology and Electrical
Engineering, UNSW@ADFA
Abstract. Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) routing
protocols should be evaluated against a mobility model that closely matches the
expected real-world scenario in order to obtain credible results. Prior to the
Synthetic Warfare Mobility Modelling (SWarMM) tool, credible mobility models
for tactical and complex warfare scenarios were unavailable. This implies that
the performance of MANET routing protocols are largely unknown for tactical
warfare scenarios. This paper presents a
performance evaluation of IETF MANET routing protocols (DYMO, OLSR and AODV)
using the NS2 discrete network simulation tool with a deterrent clearing patrol
mobility model generated by SWarMM.
Paper 3: A Deployable
Simultaneous X/Ka-Band Satcom Antenna to Support WGS
Authors: Christophe Granet, Ian M. Davis, John S. Kot, and Greg S. Pope,
BAE Systems Australia
Abstract. A lightweight,
low-cost, simultaneous X/Ka-band feed system has been designed and matched to a
deployable flyaway SATCOM antenna. The performance of the complete antenna
assembly has been simulated and the results show that very good performance can
be achieved in both X and Ka-band from a relatively small antenna. It is intended that the prototype antenna,
once complete, will be integrated with RF electronics and undergo Wideband
Global System (WGS) certification and be available as an indigenous terminal to
the ADF to support services over WGS, Optus C1 and other allied satellites.
Paper 4: RF Propagation
Environment Awareness for Smart Mobile Ad-hoc Networks
Authors: Michael Tyson, Carlo Kopp, and Ronald Pose, Faculty of
Information Technology, Monash University
Abstract. Urban canyon environments represent a significant challenge
to wireless communications, a satisfactory solution for which remains to be
proven. We present RF Propagation
Environment Awareness (RPEA), utilising ‘smart’ ad hoc, or self-forming and
self-healing networks that are capable of storing and exploiting local
propagation geometry information. An empirical radio propagation environment
model, comprising a loss model specific to the local urban topology, is used to
optimise network operation. This model is constructed over time from prior
experience operating in the area of interest, and can be used to estimate the
lifetime of a wireless connection, given current node kinematic behaviour, and
location relative to attenuating objects in the environment. This lifetime can in turn be used to evaluate
Quality of Service parameters for network routes, and to select optimal routes
with the longest lifetime. We propose one technique to learn about the RF
propagation environment, and evaluate the utility of RF Propagation Environment
Awareness.
Presenter: Mr Allan Deacon, Electronic Systems Integration Branch, DMO
The
aim is not to optimise the network but to optimise the user experience. It is
not just about situational awareness (that links are up) but about operational
awareness. Operational awareness requires a different mindset, one that focuses
on the whole and not the parts. It is not about providing a network and saying
'it is an application problem', it is about integrating the network and
applications to optimise the user experience. This integration needs to be
extended back to the needs/requirements phase of projects. This presentation
will also address the management issues related to migrating from network
management to user experience management.
Presenter: Mrs Mandy Cramer, Director Electronic Business Strategies,
CIOG and Mr Michael Cole, JP2099 Desk
Officer, CIOG
The
NCW concept is widely viewed as a critical enabler in transitioning the ADF to
a “seamless, network-enabled, information age force”. However, we will be challenged in delivering
the seamless, dynamically adaptable elements of our operational vision if we do
not have high levels of confidence in the identity, and can therefore trust the
people, devices and information systems on our networks. How do we establish and maintain trust
between command and control, sensor and engagement systems across
interconnected networks, and deliver enhanced situational awareness,
collaboration and trusted information to the Commander in a dynamically
changing environment where traditional trust anchors do not exist? This tutorial outlines an Identity Capability
that replaces traditional trust anchors by establishing a robust, electronic
basis of trust for all networked entities.
We overview the key technological components of the capability, and
explain now highly integrated, enterprise level systems support the deployed
commander through increased trust in the sources contributing information to
the COP. Whilst the integration of
several key technologies will establish high levels of trust, we explain why
Identity capability policy, governance and doctrine are more important than
technology in removing a key hurdle to the achievement of CDF’s vision.
Presenter: Dr Mark Pickering,
School of Information Technology and
Electrical Engineering, UNSW@ADFA
In
the last decade there has been a surge in the development of new protocols that
allow wireless access to networks and devices. The most prominent of these new
wireless access protocols include: Bluetooth and Ultra Wide Band (UWB) for
personal area networks, the suite of 802.11 standards for local area networks
and finally 802.16 (commonly referred to as WiMAX), the IMT-2000 3G cellular
mobile telephony protocols and the new 802.20 standard for Mobile Broadband
Wireless Access for metropolitan area networks.
The
services that could be provided by networks based on these protocols have also
begun to overlap. For example, the upgrade of mobile telephony networks to 3G
protocols allows network providers to offer high speed data services. The channel
scheduling provided in WiMax, (originally designed to carry packet-based data)
can guarantee the Quality-of-Service required for Voice over IP and the latest
addition to the standard (802.16e) provides support for mobile terminals. The
newly released Mobile Broadband Wireless Access standard (IEEE 802.20) will
also allow mobile high-speed data and voice services and was designed from its
inception as a packet-based mobile data network with new media access and
physical layers. For shorter range applications, both the new 802.11n standard
and the UWB protocols provide the data rates required to wirelessly transmit
audio and video bitstreams between devices.
This
tutorial will briefly explain the underlying technologies that are used in the
currently and soon-to-be available wireless access protocols. Topics covered in
this section include: the OSI 7-Layer model, digital modulation (QPSK and QAM),
multiple access (CDMA, OFDMA, frequency hopping, time hopping), switching
(packet vs circuit) and media access control techniques.
This
section will be followed by a summary of how these technologies are utilized in
the various wireless access protocols with particular attention focused on how
the technologies define the services that can be provided.
3.5b Refereed Papers: Refereed Papers: Session 3
Paper 1: Modelling of Future
Mobile Communications Network Concepts
Authors: Jeremy Wells, Craig Williams, Braden McGrath and Duncan Steel,
Qinetiq Consulting Pty Ltd
Abstract. A hypothetical
communications network involving both static and mobile nodes and data
transmission via a geostationary satellite, optical landlines and a tailored
and controllable Link 16 network has been developed by QinetiQ in the OPNET®
modelling environment. This model has been exercised in a test maritime strike
scenario to determine the communication budget for imagery and track files
being relayed to an airborne command and control aircraft (AEW&C), and
thence to strike aircraft. It is shown that the major bottleneck with regard to
the timely transfer of data is the final link in the communications chain, the
Link 16 carrier between the AEW&C and the strike aircraft. That final link
is investigated in some detail and results are derived indicating that careful
thought should be given to the choice of the Link 16 network structure, and the
form of data packing used.
Paper 2: SUNI/CS Digital Ship IP
Backbone Modelling and Validation
Authors: Michael Liu and Oliver Gruber, Land and Joint Systems, Thales
Australia
Abstract. Future Network
Centric Warfare (NCW) [1] foresees a unified IP network in naval platforms
where different applications run on the same unified IP backbone. To promote
this NCW concept, Thales Australia
proposed a digital ship LAN architecture—Ship Unified Network IP for
Communications Ship (SUNI/CS). A prototype of this SUNI/CS network has been
constructed in Thales Australia's
R&D facility—Network Enabled Warfare Laboratory (NEWLab). However, the
prototype constructed in NEWLab is small scale. In order to mitigate the
technical risks for a real deployed digital ship LAN, we need to understand the
network performance and capacity before the deployment. Clearly, it is
impractical to build a whole digital ship LAN in a lab environment. Instead, we
plan to conduct discrete event simulations using OPNET. As our first step in
modelling a large scale digital ship LAN, we conducted a benchmark study to validate
the OPNET models using the SUNI/CS network. In our study, we compared the
simulation results obtained using OPNET to the experimental results obtained
using SUNI/CS network and showed that our OPNET models can accurately simulate
real network performance. This study paved the way for future effort to expand
OPNET models to simulate a real scale digital ship LAN and conduct capacity and
performance studies.
Paper 3: Shifting the Goal Posts—A
New Look at Radio Antennas
Author: Steve Ayling, Ancom
Abstract. ‘Shifting the goal posts’ addresses the potential
advantages to military, police and emergency service operations that can be
gained through a new look at radio antennas. The ‘lost art’ of tailoring radio
antennas for specific operational situations and technical performance
requirements is again required if reliable communications are to be maintained
in complex environments. ‘Shifting the Goal Posts’ can be achieved through a
partnership relationship with the constants of laws of physics to improve
communications, through use the most suitable antenna design with the most
appropriate frequency. It also requires cautious awareness of the common
antenna that treats all radio wave equally, irrespective if they are of
friendly or hostile origin. ‘Shifting the Goal Posts’ seeks to increase the
probability of reliable communications through practical actions. These include
tailoring of tactics, techniques and procedures (TTP), tailoring of antennas
for technical requirements, and lastly the tailoring of the antenna as an
integral component of the communications system for operational requirements.
Shifting the Goal Posts’ through a new look at radio antennas is timely for
Australian Defence Force when operations are being conducted in very hostile
and complex military environments at the same time that major communications
projects are underway.
3.5c Product Brief—Using OPNET Network
and Application Modelling to Plan and Optimise Network and Application
Performance
Presenter: Mr Ben O’Loghlin, Tenfold Network Solutions
Network
convergence has led to many different types of applications being deployed over
IP networks. The challenge for network and application managers is to assure
end-user experience as networks and applications change and evolve. This can be
achieved in a streamlined, low-risk way by performing network and application
simulation and modelling using OPNET software. Developed over 20 years and
widely used within the US DoD, Enterprise and Telecommunications Service
Provider sectors, OPNET's tools allow planners and operators to answer
questions such as:
•
How will this
application perform when rolled out into production?
•
How will the
application rollout affect the other applications on the network?
•
How are
applications currently performing, and if they are slow, what is the root cause
and what can be done about it?
•
How will changes
to the network affect users?
•
Is the network
resilient to device and link failures? If not, which failures will affect which
users and which applications?
This presentation discusses the overall OPNET tool
suite, and highlights particular workflows that address the questions above.
3.5d
Brief—Strategic J6 Brief (Defence personnel only)
Presenter: RADM Peter Jones, HICTO, CIOG
A brief by RADM Jones to Defence personnel.
